A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 4
Function: database

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 4
Function: database

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 294

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 168

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 237

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/helpers/my_helper.php
Line: 5
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$form_validation is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$email is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$cart is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$Service_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 10
Function: model

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Service::$pagination is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 11
Function: library

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/index.php
Line: 318
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home4/techwelfare/public_html/innohubtechnologies/application/frontend/controllers/Service.php
Line: 39
Function: view

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Innohub Technologies - IT Solutions Services

Software Quality Assurance And Testing Services


When you buy a pear, you can instantly evaluate its quality: the size and shape, ripeness, the absence of visible bruising. But only as you take the first bite, will you be able to see if the pear is really that good. Even an extremely good-looking pear might taste sour or have a worm in it.

The same applies to almost any product, be it a physical object or a piece of software. A website you find on the Internet might seem fine at first, but as you scroll down, go to another page, or try to send a contact request, it can start showing some design flaws and errors.

This makes quality control so important in every field, where an end-user product is created. Yet, a sour pear won’t cause as much damage as a self-driving car with poor quality autopilot software. A single error in an EHR system might put a patient’s life at risk, while an eCommerce website that has performance issues might cost the owner millions of dollars in revenue.

The Concept of Software Quality: Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC) and Testing

While to err is human, sometimes the cost of a mistake might be just too high. History knows many examples of situations when software flaws have caused billions of dollars in waste or even lead to casualties: from Starbucks coffee shops being forced to give away free drinks because of a register malfunction, to the F-35 military aircraft being unable to detect the targets correctly because of a radar failure.

The structural quality of the software is usually hard to manage: It relies mostly on the expertise of the engineering team and can be assured through code review, analysis and refactoring. At the same time, functional aspect can be assured through a set of dedicated quality management activities, which includes quality assurance, quality control, and testing.

Quality Assurance is a broad term, explained on the Google Testing Blog as “the continuous and consistent improvement and maintenance of process that enables the QC job”. As follows from the definition, QA focuses more on organizational aspects of quality management, monitoring the consistency of the production process.

Through Quality Control the team verifies the product’s compliance with the functional requirements. As defined by Investopedia, it is a “process through which a business seeks to ensure that product quality is maintained or improved and manufacturing errors are reduced or eliminated”. This activity is applied to the finished product and performed before the product release. In terms of manufacturing industry, it is similar to pulling a random item from an assembly line to see if it complies with the technical specs.

Testing is the basic activity aimed at detecting and solving technical issues in the software source code and assessing the overall product usability, performance, security, and compatibility. It has a very narrow focus and is performed by the test engineers in parallel with the development process or at the dedicated testing stage (depending on the methodological approach to the software development cycle).

Quality control can be compared to having a senior manager walk into a production department and pick a random car for an examination and test drive. Testing activities, in this case, refer to the process of checking every joint, every mechanism separately, as well as the whole product, whether manually or automatically, conducting crash tests, performance tests, and actual or simulated test drives.